What is Sleep Apnoea?

Sleep apnoea is a condition in which a person stops breathing for short periods during sleep.

Obstructive sleep apnoea patients experience repeated episodes of airway blockage, leading to disrupted sleep and various health complications.

There are three types of sleep apnoea: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea, and complex sleep apnea syndrome.

OSA is the most common type and occurs when the airway is blocked, causing the person to stop breathing.

Central sleep apnoea occurs when the brain fails to send signals to the muscles that control breathing, while complex sleep apnea syndrome is a combination of severe OSA and central sleep apnea.

Understanding Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in Melbourne

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a serious sleep disorder characterized by airway obstruction that affects millions of people worldwide.

It occurs when the airway becomes blocked, causing breathing pauses, or apnoeas, throughout the night.

This blockage can result from over-relaxed throat muscles, swollen tonsils or adenoids, or a tongue that falls back and obstructs the airway.

When the airway is blocked, insufficient air is taken in, leading to a drop in blood oxygen levels.

The brain senses this lack of oxygen and briefly awakens the person to reopen the airway, disrupting sleep.

These frequent interruptions can severely impact sleep quality and overall health, making it crucial to seek effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea.

Dental devices, such as mandibular advancement devices/ oral sleep appliance, can help maintain airway openness during sleep.

Additionally, maintaining good sleep hygiene is important in managing sleep apnoea.

Causes of Sleep Apnoea

Sleep apnoea is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors.

One of the most significant causes is obesity.

Excess weight, particularly around the neck, can lead to fat deposits that narrow the airway, making it more likely to become obstructed during sleep.

Genetics also play a role; if sleep apnoea runs in your family, you may be at a higher risk of developing the condition.

Age is another factor, with the risk of sleep apnoea increasing as you get older, particularly after the age of 40.

Smoking can exacerbate the condition by causing inflammation and fluid retention in the throat, further narrowing the airway.

Nasal congestion, often due to allergies or sinus issues, can lead to mouth breathing, which increases the likelihood of airway obstruction.

Your sleep position can also influence the occurrence of sleep apnoea.

Sleeping on your back can cause the tongue and soft palate to relax and fall back into the throat, blocking the airway.

Additionally, certain serious medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease can increase the risk of sleep apnoea.

Understanding these causes can help in taking preventive measures and seeking appropriate treatment.

Symptoms and Risks of Sleep Apnoea

Sleep apnoea is a serious sleep disorder that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life and overall health.

Common symptoms of sleep apnoea include loud snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep, waking up with a dry mouth or sore throat, morning headaches, difficulty concentrating during the day, and persistent fatigue and lethargy.

If left untreated, sleep apnoea can increase the risk of developing several serious health conditions, including excessive daytime sleepiness, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and depression.

It is essential to seek medical attention if you or a loved one is experiencing any of these symptoms.

Early diagnosis and treatment can help mitigate these risks and improve your overall health and well-being.

Diagnosis and Assessment of Sleep Apnoea

Diagnosing sleep apnoea typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a sleep consultant.

The process usually starts with a detailed medical history, where the consultant will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle habits.

This is followed by a physical examination to check for any signs of sleep apnoea, such as a large neck size or swollen tonsils.

Proper diagnosis is crucial for determining the suitability of dental devices for treating obstructive sleep apnoea.

A sleep study, also known as a polysomnogram (PSG), is often conducted to record your brain waves, muscle activity, and breathing patterns while you sleep.

Alternatively, a home sleep test may be used, which is a portable device that records your breathing patterns and oxygen levels while you sleep.

Once diagnosed, the sleep consultant will work with you to develop a personalised treatment plan.

This may include oral appliance therapy, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, or lifestyle changes to help manage your sleep apnoea effectively.

Prevention of Sleep Apnoea

While some risk factors for sleep apnoea, such as genetics and age, cannot be controlled, there are several proactive steps you can take to reduce your risk.

Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial; losing excess pounds can significantly decrease the likelihood of airway obstruction.

Quitting smoking is another important step, as it reduces inflammation and fluid retention in the throat.

Regular exercise not only helps with weight management but also improves overall sleep quality.

Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week.

Avoiding sleeping on your back can also help; try sleeping on your side or stomach to prevent your tongue and soft palate from obstructing the airway.

Using a humidifier can keep your nasal passages moist, reducing nasal congestion and the need for mouth breathing.

Lastly, avoid sedatives and alcohol before bedtime, as they can relax the muscles in your throat, increasing the risk of sleep apnoea.

By incorporating these lifestyle changes, you can lower your risk and improve your overall sleep quality.

Lifestyle Changes and Management for Sleep Apnoea

Managing sleep apnoea often involves making key lifestyle changes that can significantly improve your symptoms and overall health.

Here are some practical tips to help you manage sleep apnoea effectively:

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess weight, particularly around the neck, can increase the risk of sleep apnoea. Adopting a balanced diet and engaging in regular exercise can help with weight loss, shedding those extra pounds and alleviating symptoms.
• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity not only helps with weight management but also improves sleep quality. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week.
• Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking can inflame and narrow the airway, while alcohol relaxes the throat muscles, both of which can worsen sleep apnoea symptoms. Reducing or quitting these habits can make a significant difference.
• Sleep on Your Side: Sleeping on your back can cause the tongue and soft tissues to collapse to the back of the throat, blocking the airway. Try sleeping on your side to keep the airway open.
• Elevate Your Head: Using a pillow to elevate your head can help keep the airway open and reduce sleep apnoea symptoms. Consider an adjustable bed or a wedge pillow for better results.
• Adopt a Healthy Diet: A healthy diet can play a crucial role in managing sleep apnoea. Consuming nutrient-rich foods helps maintain a healthy weight and supports overall well-being, which can alleviate symptoms.

By incorporating these lifestyle changes, you can manage sleep apnoea more effectively and enjoy better quality sleep.

Impact of Sleep Apnoea on Daily Life

Sleep apnoea can profoundly affect daily life, impacting not only the individual but also those around them. Here are some ways sleep apnoea can influence your day-to-day activities:

• Fatigue and Lethargy: One of the most common symptoms of sleep apnoea is excessive daytime sleepiness, often referred to as daytime fatigue. This can make it challenging to stay alert and focused, affecting your ability to perform daily tasks efficiently.
• Mood Changes: Chronic sleep deprivation caused by sleep apnoea can lead to irritability, anxiety, and even depression. These mood changes can strain relationships and reduce overall quality of life.
• Relationship Problems: Loud snoring and frequent awakenings can disrupt your partner’s sleep, leading to frustration and tension in relationships. Addressing sleep apnoea can improve both your sleep and your partner’s.
• Work and School Performance: The cognitive impairments associated with sleep apnoea, such as difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and reduced cognitive function, can negatively impact work and school performance, leading to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism.
• Increased Risk of Accidents: Excessive daytime sleepiness can impair reaction time and judgment, increasing the risk of accidents, particularly while driving or operating machinery.

Understanding the impact of sleep apnoea on daily life underscores the importance of seeking effective treatment to improve overall well-being.

Sleep Apnoea and Mental Health

Sleep apnoea doesn’t just affect your physical health; it can also have a profound impact on your mental well-being.

One of the most significant mental health issues associated with sleep apnoea is depression.

Studies suggest that up to 50% of people with sleep apnoea also experience depression, likely due to the chronic sleep disruptions and resulting fatigue.

Anxiety is another common issue, with the constant interruptions to sleep causing heightened stress and anxiety levels.

Cognitive impairment is also a concern; sleep apnoea can affect your attention, memory, and decision-making abilities, making daily tasks more challenging.

Mood disturbances are frequent among those with sleep apnoea, leading to irritability, mood swings, and emotional instability.

These mental health challenges underscore the importance of seeking effective treatment for sleep apnoea.

Options like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and oral appliances can help manage the condition, improving both your sleep and mental health.

Recent Advancements and Examples in Sleep Apnoea Treatment

Recent advancements in sleep apnoea treatment have led to the development of more effective and comfortable solutions for patients.

One notable innovation is the use of custom-made oral appliances, such as mandibular advancement devices (MADs).

These devices work by gently moving the lower jaw forward, which helps keep the airway open and reduces the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

This approach has proven to be a game-changer for many patients, offering a non-invasive and user-friendly alternative to traditional treatments.

Another significant advancement is the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine, which provides a constant flow of air pressure to keep the airway open.

While CPAP machines are highly effective, some patients find them uncomfortable and cumbersome. This has spurred the development of alternative treatments, such as oral appliance therapy.

Oral appliance therapy involves the use of a custom-made oral appliance, like a mandibular advancement splint (MAS), to advance the lower jaw forward and maintain an open airway.

This treatment has shown great promise in reducing OSA symptoms and improving quality sleep.

Advancements in dental technology have also led to the creation of more comfortable and effective oral appliances.

For instance, some devices now feature cushioned designs on the upper and lower trays for gentle teeth protection, while others incorporate a V-Flow design that allows for free airflow through the front of the device.

These innovations enhance comfort and effectiveness, making it easier for patients to adhere to their treatment plans.

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, oral appliances are a recommended treatment option for mild to moderate OSA and can be used alongside other treatments, such as lifestyle changes and behavioral therapies.

In Australia, the Australian Sleep Health Foundation advises patients with OSA to work with a sleep consultant to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle modifications, behavioral therapies, and oral appliance therapy.

In conclusion, recent advancements in sleep apnoea treatment have led to the development of more effective and comfortable solutions for patients.

By collaborating with a sleep consultant and utilizing custom-made oral appliances, patients can significantly improve their quality sleep and reduce the risk of OSA and other sleep disorders.

Treatment Options for Sleep Apnoea

There are several treatment options for sleep apnoea, including lifestyle changes, oral appliance therapy, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines.

Lifestyle changes can help alleviate mild sleep apnoea, while oral appliances and CPAP machines are more effective for moderate to severe sleep apnoea.

These devices treat sleep apnoea by repositioning the jaw or tongue to keep the airway open during sleep.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Machines

CPAP machines are a common treatment for sleep apnoea. They work by delivering a constant flow of air pressure into the airway, keeping it open and preventing pauses in breathing.

CPAP machines are effective for treating moderate to severe sleep apnoea, but they can be uncomfortable to wear and may cause side effects such as dry mouth and nosebleeds.

Oral appliances, on the other hand, are a more comfortable and convenient option for treating mild to moderate sleep apnoea.

They work by advancing the lower jaw or holding the tongue in place, keeping the airway open and preventing pauses in breathing.

When it comes to treating sleep apnoea, CPAP machines are generally preferred for more severe cases, while oral appliances are suitable for mild to moderate cases.

Common Side Effects of CPAP Machines

While CPAP therapy is highly effective in treating obstructive sleep apnoea, it can come with some common side effects that may affect a user’s comfort and adherence to the treatment.

These side effects include:

• Dry mouth and nose: The continuous air pressure can lead to dryness in the nasal passages and mouth.
• Skin irritation and redness: The CPAP mask can cause irritation and redness on the skin where it makes contact.
• Claustrophobia and anxiety: Some users may feel claustrophobic or anxious when wearing the mask.
• Difficulty falling asleep: Adjusting to the sensation of the mask and the air pressure can make it hard to fall asleep initially.
• Leaky mask and air pressure changes: An ill-fitting mask can cause air leaks, leading to fluctuations in air pressure.
• Nasal congestion and stuffiness: The air pressure can sometimes cause nasal congestion or a stuffy nose.
• Dry eyes and eye irritation: Air leaks from the mask can lead to dry eyes and irritation.

Specific Long-Term Side Effects Using a CPAP Machine

Beyond the common side effects, long-term use of CPAP machines can lead to more serious issues that may require medical attention.

These specific long-term side effects include:

• Aerophagia (swallowing air): The constant air pressure can cause some users to swallow air, leading to bloating and discomfort.
• Infections and sinusitis: Prolonged use of CPAP machines can increase the risk of infections and sinusitis due to the constant airflow and potential for bacteria buildup.
• Nasal polyps and turbinate bone growth: Continuous use can contribute to the development of nasal polyps and changes in the nasal structures.
• Dental problems and tooth decay: The pressure and dryness can affect oral health, leading to dental issues and tooth decay.
• Treatment-emergent central sleep apnoea (TECSA): In some cases, CPAP therapy can lead to the development of central sleep apnea, where the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe.

Mouth Guard (Oral Appliance) for Sleep Apnoea Australia

Sleep apnoea mouth guards, also known as oral appliances, are a popular alternative to CPAP machines for treating obstructive sleep apnoea.

These devices are custom-fitted by a dentist and are designed to be worn during sleep.

Unlike CPAP machines, which use air pressure to keep the airway open, sleep apnoea mouth guards work by repositioning the jaw or tongue to prevent airway obstruction.

They are particularly effective for individuals with mild to moderate sleep apnoea and offer a more comfortable and less intrusive option for managing the condition.

Benefits of Oral Appliances

Oral appliances, also known as oral appliance therapy, are a popular and effective treatment option for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA).

These devices work by holding the lower jaw forward, which helps keep the airway open and reduces the risk of apnoeas.

Oral appliances offer a comfortable and convenient alternative to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machines, which some people find noisy and uncomfortable to wear.

Additionally, oral appliances are more discreet, making them an ideal choice for individuals who travel frequently or prefer a more subtle treatment solution.

By providing a non-invasive and user-friendly option, oral appliances can significantly improve sleep quality and overall health for those suffering from sleep apnoea.

How Sleep Apnoea Mouth Guards Work

Sleep apnoea mouth guards are designed to keep the airway open during sleep, preventing the collapse of the upper airway that causes sleep apnoea.

They work by advancing the lower jaw or holding the tongue in a forward position, which helps to maintain an open airway.

This allows for unobstructed breathing and can help to reduce the number of apnoeic episodes during the night.

There are two main types of sleep apnoea mouth guards: mandibular advancement devices (MADs) and tongue-retaining devices (TRDs).

MADs are the most common type and work by advancing the lower jaw forward, which helps to keep the airway open.

TRDs, on the other hand, use suction to hold the tongue in a forward position, preventing it from falling back and blocking the airway.

Benefits and Risks of Sleep Apnoea Mouth Guards

Sleep apnoea mouth guards have several benefits, including:

• Improved Sleep Quality: By keeping the airway open, sleep apnoea mouth guards can help to improve sleep quality and reduce the number of apnoeic episodes during the night.
• Reduced Snoring: Sleep apnoea mouth guards can also help to reduce snoring and obstructive sleep, which can be a major disturbance for bed partners.
• Increased Comfort: Sleep apnoea mouth guards are often more comfortable to wear than CPAP machines, which can be bulky and uncomfortable.
• Portability: Sleep apnoea mouth guards are also more portable than CPAP machines, making them easier to take on the go.

However, sleep apnoea mouth guards also have some risks, including:

• Discomfort: Some people may experience discomfort or pain when wearing a sleep apnoea mouth guard, especially if it is not fitted properly.
• Dry Mouth: Sleep apnoea mouth guards can cause dry mouth, especially if they are not designed to allow for proper saliva flow.
• Tooth Movement or Changes to your Bite: Sleep apnoea mouth guards can also cause tooth movement, especially if they are not fitted properly.

Choosing the Best Mouth Guard or Oral Appliance for Sleep Apnoea

Dental devices, including mandibular advancement devices and mouth guards, are popular and effective treatment options for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

When selecting a dental device, it is important to consider several factors to ensure you choose the best one for your needs.

Comfort is paramount; look for a device that is comfortable to wear and does not cause any discomfort or pain.

Effectiveness is also crucial; choose a device that has been proven to reduce sleep apnoea symptoms effectively.

Customization is another important factor.

Consider a device that is custom-made to fit your specific needs and mouth shape.

Cost is also a consideration, as dental devices can vary in price.

Be sure to consider your budget and insurance coverage when making your decision.

Some popular types of dental devices include mandibular advancement devices (MADs), which advance the lower jaw forward to keep the airway open, and mandibular advancement splints (MAS), which are similar to MADs but are custom-made to fit your specific needs.

Tongue-retaining devices are another option; these devices hold the tongue forward, preventing it from falling back and blocking the airway.

Consulting with a sleep consultant is essential to determine the best dental device for your specific needs and to ensure proper fitting and adjustment.

This will help you achieve the best possible outcome and improve your quality of sleep.

Effectiveness of Sleep Apnoea Mouth Guards

Sleep apnoea mouth guards are effective in treating mild to moderate sleep apnoea.

Studies have shown that they can reduce the number of apnoeic episodes during the night and improve sleep quality.

However, they may not be as effective as CPAP machines in treating severe sleep apnoea.

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine found that sleep apnoea mouth guards were effective in reducing the number of apnoeic episodes during the night and improving sleep quality in patients with mild to moderate sleep apnoea.

Another study published in the Journal of Sleep Research found that sleep apnoea mouth guards were effective in reducing or stop snoring and improving sleep quality in patients with sleep apnoea for a better night’s sleep.

Monitoring Mouth Guard Effectiveness

It is essential to monitor the effectiveness of sleep apnoea mouth guards to ensure that they are working properly and not causing any adverse effects.

This can be done through regular follow-up appointments with a dentist or sleep consultant .

During these appointments, the dentist or sleep special can check the fit of the mouth guard and make any necessary adjustments.

They can also monitor the patient’s sleep quality and look for any signs of adverse effects, such as dry mouth or tooth movement.

In addition, patients can also monitor their own sleep quality and look for any signs of adverse effects.

They can keep a sleep diary to track their sleep patterns and note any changes in their sleep quality.

They can also report any adverse effects to their dentist or sleep consultant, who can make any necessary adjustments to the mouth guard.

Insurance and Financial Assistance for Sleep Apnoea Treatments

The cost of sleep apnoea treatments can be a concern for many patients, but many private health insurance plans cover sleep apnoea treatments, including oral appliances and CPAP machines.

Check with your provider to understand your coverage options or come in for an initial assessment with Signature Dentistry.

Signature Dentistry & Dr. Kasen’s Approach to Sleep Apnoea Treatment

Dr. Kasen Somana is a dentist with over 20 years experience with specialist interests in complex restorative treatment and obstructive sleep apnoea.

At our clinic, we take a comprehensive approach to sleep apnoea treatment using an oral sleep appliance, ensuring that each patient receives personalised care.

Our team works closely with patients and their respiratory physician to diagnose and treat Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) effectively.

Our team works in accordance with the American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine standards for practices and have the training necessary to evaluate if patients are suitable candidates for oral appliance therapy, monitor ongoing treatment efficacy, and provide a high level of care to your patients.

We offer a range of treatment options, including custom-made oral appliances tailored to fit each patient’s unique needs.

Utilizing state-of-the-art technology, such as 3D scanning, we create precise and comfortable oral appliances that enhance treatment outcomes.

Additionally, we provide ongoing support and monitoring to ensure our patients achieve quality sleep and optimal health.

Our commitment to excellence in sleep apnoea treatment helps our patients lead healthier, more restful lives.

Contact Us for More Information

If you’re interested in learning more about oral appliances for sleep apnoea or would like to schedule a consultation, please don’t hesitate to contact us.

Our team is dedicated to helping you achieve quality sleep and improve your overall health.

You can reach us by phone at 03.9826.1338 or by filling out our online contact form.

We’ll be happy to answer any questions you may have and provide you with more information about our services.

Schedule a Consultation

Scheduling a consultation with our sleep consultant is the first step towards achieving quality sleep.

During your consultation, we’ll discuss your sleep apnoea symptoms, medical history, and treatment options.

We’ll also answer any questions you may have and provide you with personalised recommendations for treating your sleep apnoea.

To schedule a consultation, please fill out our online appointment request form.

We look forward to helping you achieve the quality sleep you deserve.